An Okanagan Charter Implementation Toolkit
Foster a culture of ongoing learning, adaptation, and improvement by using evidence, feedback, and evaluation to guide decision-making, strengthen accountability, and sustain health-promoting environments.
CQI & Evaluation: At-a-Glance
What is this strategic direction about?
Using evidence, feedback, evaluation, and quality improvement to strengthen decision-making, organizational learning, and sustained action.
Why does it matter?
Learning from experience helps institutions understand what is working, identify opportunities for improvement, and adapt their approaches over time.
What will I do here?
Explore practical approaches to evaluation, quality improvement, organizational learning, accountability, and continuous improvement.
What you’ll find in this section
Why CQI & Evaluation Matters
Creating health-promoting learning and work environments requires more than good intentions. To understand whether efforts are making a meaningful difference, institutions must be able to learn from experience, assess progress, and adapt over time.
Continuous improvement and evaluation provide the mechanisms for doing so. Together, they help institutions understand what is working, identify opportunities for improvement, and make informed decisions about where to focus resources and effort. They also help demonstrate accountability to learners, faculty, staff, leadership, accreditation bodies, and health system partners.
Importantly, evaluation is not simply about collecting more data. Many Faculties of Medicine already have access to surveys, utilization data, accreditation findings, human resources metrics, and feedback from learners, faculty, and staff. The challenge is often not a lack of information, but rather how that information is interpreted, shared, and translated into meaningful action.
Continuous improvement is most effective when evaluation, quality improvement, and governance work together. Measurement helps institutions understand their current state, quality improvement helps test and refine changes, and governance ensures that findings inform decisions and accountability.
Measurement without action is reporting. Continuous improvement requires governance, interpretation, and visible action.
How CQI & Evaluation Connects to Other Strategic Directions in the Okanagan Charter
Continuous improvement and evaluation help institutions understand what is working, identify opportunities for growth, and strengthen health-promoting environments over time. This work supports learning and accountability across all Strategic Directions.
Evaluation can inform policy development, implementation, review, and accountability.
Assessment and feedback help identify opportunities to improve the accessibility, safety, inclusiveness, and effectiveness of environments.
Measurement and dialogue can help institutions understand cultural strengths, monitor progress, and address barriers to wellbeing and inclusion.
Evaluation can guide the design and improvement of learning, mentorship, coaching, and development initiatives.
Data, feedback, and quality improvement approaches help strengthen access, coordination, responsiveness, and effectiveness of health services.
Continuous improvement is most effective when it is embedded within organizational structures, decision-making processes, and everyday practice. While approaches will vary across institutions, several key components consistently contribute to meaningful and sustainable improvement.
Continuous improvement requires clear leadership, defined responsibilities, and structures that ensure findings inform decision-making.
Governance ensures that evaluation findings do not remain reports on a shelf. Effective governance structures create accountability for reviewing evidence, setting priorities, allocating resources, and acting on what is learned.
Examples may include:
Effective evaluation begins with clarity about what is being measured and why. Data collection should be guided by improvement goals rather than the availability of measurement tools.
Evaluation should consider both indicators of challenge (e.g., burnout, distress, barriers) and indicators of strength (e.g., belonging, professional fulfillment, psychological safety, engagement, and meaningful participation).
Examples may include:
*Evaluation and data collection activities should comply with applicable privacy legislation, ethical requirements, and institutional policies.
No single measure can fully capture the complexity of health-promoting learning and work environments. Effective evaluation combines multiple forms of evidence to create a more complete understanding of experiences, outcomes, and opportunities for improvement.
Examples may include:
Evaluation, Quality Improvement, and Research: What’s the Difference?
Evaluation:
Are we achieving what we intended to achieve?
Quality Improvement:
How can we improve processes and outcomes in real time?
Research:
What new knowledge can we generate that may be applicable beyond our institution?
While these approaches often overlap, this strategic direction focuses primarily on evaluation and quality improvement as tools for organizational learning and improvement.
Evaluation should consider how experiences and outcomes may differ across groups and ensure that improvement efforts do not unintentionally reinforce inequities.
Examples may include:
Continuous improvement depends on an institution’s ability to learn, adapt, and respond to emerging information. Evaluation helps identify opportunities for improvement, while quality improvement supports the testing and refinement of changes over time.
Examples may include:
Continuous improvement focuses on patterns and progress over time rather than isolated results. Baseline assessments, repeat measurements, and ongoing review cycles help institutions understand whether changes are leading to meaningful improvement.
Improvement efforts are strengthened when institutions learn from one another, share resources, and collaborate around common challenges.
Examples may include:
While local context matters, greater alignment in approaches to measurement and evaluation can support benchmarking, reduce duplication, strengthen shared learning, and help build a more comprehensive understanding of wellbeing across Canadian medical education.
Evaluation builds trust when people can see how their input informs action. Closing the loop ensures that findings are communicated transparently and connected to visible improvements.
Examples may include:
Closing the Loop in Practice
Trust is strengthened when individuals can see how their feedback contributes to decisions, priorities, and tangible improvements. Low response rates are often not a lack of interest in wellbeing; they are a lack of confidence that feedback will lead to change.
Continuous improvement is not a single project, annual survey, or accreditation exercise. It is an ongoing cycle of learning, action, reflection, and adaptation. Effective Faculties of Medicine create systems that support continuous learning by gathering information, making sense of it, acting on what is learned, and revisiting progress over time.
A Continuous Improvement Cycle
Effective improvement efforts begin with clear leadership, responsibility, and oversight.
Potential actions may include:
Questions to consider:
Improvement efforts are more likely to succeed when responsibility for evaluation, decision-making, and action is clearly defined.
The Institute for Healthcare Improvement offers practical guidance on Forming the Team.
Before collecting data, define the outcomes and experiences you hope to influence.
Potential actions may include:

The Institute for Healthcare Improvement – Model for Improvement can be a helpful starting point.
Many institutions already possess valuable information that can inform improvement efforts.
Potential actions may include:
Before Collecting New Data
Consider whether relevant information already exists through:
Reviewing existing evidence can help identify priorities, reduce duplication, and prevent unnecessary data collection.
Canadian Medical Association National Physician Health Survey Reports Provides national physician wellbeing data that can serve as a comparison point or contextual benchmark.
When additional information is needed, collect data purposefully and proportionately.
Potential actions may include:
Only collect information that will help inform decisions, improvement efforts, or future action.
Important Consideration
More data is not always better data. Excessive surveying without visible action can contribute to survey fatigue and reduce trust in evaluation processes.
Match the Measurement to the Question

Helpful Resources
Data becomes meaningful when reviewed, discussed, and understood within context.
Potential actions may include:
Focus on understanding what the information means, not simply what it says.

Canadian Evaluation Society Competencies for Canadian Evaluation Practice could be a helpful resource for understanding principles of interpretation, partner engagement, and use-focused evaluation.
Use findings to guide improvement efforts and inform action.
Potential actions may include:
Small, iterative improvements are often more sustainable than large-scale change efforts.

Helpful Resources:
Once a change has shown promising results, this assessment can help determine whether it is ready to be expanded across departments, programs, sites, or institutions.
Visible action strengthens trust and supports ongoing engagement.
Potential actions may include:
Trust is built when people can see how their feedback informs decisions, priorities, and tangible improvements.

Continuous improvement is an ongoing process rather than a final destination.
Potential actions may include:
Examples of indicators of success:
The goal of continuous improvement is not to produce more reports. It is to create learning systems that help Faculties of Medicine make better decisions, strengthen health-promoting environments, and sustain meaningful change over time.
Continuous improvement is most meaningful when applied to real situations. These case studies illustrate common challenges faced in Faculties of Medicine and demonstrate how evidence, reflection, collaboration, and action can be used to guide improvement. As you work through each case, consider how the lessons might apply within your own context.
Case Study #1: “We Keep Asking, But No One Is Answering”
Case Study #2: “The Canary in the Coal Mine”
There is rarely a single cause, or a single solution. Many wellbeing challenges span multiple strategic directions and require coordinated, systems-level responses.
Case Study #1
“We Keep Asking, But No One Is Answering”
A Faculty of Medicine launched an annual wellbeing survey for learners, faculty, staff, and researchers. Despite repeated reminders, response rates remain low, particularly among clinical faculty and residents.
Informal feedback suggests that many people feel “nothing ever changes” as a result of these surveys. Others express concerns about confidentiality, especially within smaller departments. Leaders are frustrated by the lack of data, while members of the faculty community are increasingly reluctant to participate. Trust in the evaluation process is beginning to erode.
The faculty is collecting wellbeing data, but participation continues to decline. Without sufficient engagement, it becomes difficult to understand community needs, evaluate progress, or identify priorities for improvement.
The challenge is not simply how to increase response rates, but how to rebuild trust and demonstrate that evaluation leads to meaningful action.
Low participation is often interpreted as survey fatigue or disengagement. However, it may also signal concerns about confidentiality, uncertainty about how information will be used, or a lack of confidence that feedback will result in change.
Effective evaluation depends on trust. When people do not see visible action resulting from their input, future participation and engagement often decline.
Governance and Accountability: Clear ownership and accountability are needed to ensure feedback is reviewed, prioritized, and acted upon.
Purposeful and Meaningful Measurement: Evaluation efforts should be designed to inform decisions and improvements, not simply collect data.
Quality Improvement and Adaptive Learning: Feedback should be used to test changes, learn from results, and refine future approaches.
Closing the Loop: Trust is strengthened when participants can see how their input informs actions and improvements.
For Leaders and Decision-Makers
For Faculty, Staff, Learners, and Researchers
For System-Level Reflection
Consider a recent survey, consultation, listening session, or feedback process within your institution:
Applying a Continuous Improvement Lens:
1. What Evidence Already Exists?
Before launching another survey, review existing sources of information.
Examples may include:
2. What Is the Real Problem?
Explore why participation may be declining.
Possible contributing factors include:
3. Which Strategic Directions May Be Contributing?
This challenge may involve multiple areas of the toolkit:
Policy: Are there clear expectations for reporting back on evaluation findings?
Culture: Do individuals trust that feedback will be used constructively?
Personal Development: Are leaders equipped to discuss findings and facilitate local improvements?
Health Services: Have previous evaluation findings informed visible improvements to supports and services?
Continuous Improvement and Evaluation: Are governance structures in place to review findings, prioritize actions, and close the loop?
4. What Improvement Actions Could Be Tested?
5. How Would You Know If Improvement Is Occurring?
Low survey participation is often a symptom rather than the problem itself. Continuous improvement requires more than collecting information—it requires governance, trust, visible action, and ongoing communication. When people can see how their feedback informs decisions and improvements, engagement becomes more meaningful and sustainable.
Case Study #2
“The Canary in the Coal Mine”
A Faculty of Medicine reviews its annual wellbeing survey results. Rates of burnout, moral distress, and emotional exhaustion are elevated across multiple groups, including learners, faculty, and staff.
Leadership acknowledges the findings, but discussion quickly shifts toward questions about the data. Are these results driven by workload, culture, system pressures, broader societal stressors, or something else entirely? Why do some units appear to be struggling more than others? Do the results reflect temporary challenges or deeper organizational issues?
Some leaders argue that the findings are too nonspecific to guide action. Others worry that acting without clear evidence of causation could lead to ineffective interventions. As discussions continue, no concrete changes are implemented, and similar patterns appear in subsequent surveys.
The faculty has identified a concerning signal, but uncertainty about its meaning has created paralysis. Leaders are reluctant to act without definitive explanations, while members of the faculty community become increasingly frustrated that concerns continue to be measured but not addressed.
The challenge is not whether distress exists, but how to respond when evidence points to a problem before the root causes are fully understood.
In mining, canaries were once used as an early warning system for toxic gases. The canary could not identify the source of the danger, but it signaled that something required attention.
Wellbeing data often function in a similar way. Elevated burnout, moral distress, or psychological strain may not explain precisely what is wrong, but they can indicate that further exploration and action are needed.
Continuous improvement depends on recognizing these signals, investigating them thoughtfully, and responding proportionately rather than waiting for perfect certainty.
Purposeful and Meaningful Measurement: Wellbeing measures can help identify areas of concern, even when the underlying causes are not yet fully understood.
Multiple Sources of Evidence: Survey findings are most useful when interpreted alongside qualitative feedback, operational data, and lived experience.
Quality Improvement and Adaptive Learning: Continuous improvement encourages organizations to test and refine responses rather than waiting for perfect certainty.
Interpretation and Sense-Making: Data become actionable when they are discussed, contextualized, and translated into priorities for improvement.
For Leaders and Decision-Makers
For Evaluation and Improvement Teams
For Faculty, Staff, Learners, and Researchers
Consider a recent survey, report, or consultation that identified a concern within your institution:
Applying a Continuous Improvement Lens
1. What Evidence Already Exists?
Before collecting additional information, review existing sources of evidence.
Examples may include:
2. What Is the Signal Telling Us?
The goal is not to identify a single cause immediately, but to understand what the data may be signaling.
Possible contributing factors include:
3. Which Strategic Directions May Be Contributing?
This challenge may involve multiple areas of the toolkit:
Policy: Are workload, scheduling, accommodation, or leave policies contributing to strain?
Spaces: Do learning and work environments support restoration, connection, and wellbeing?
Culture: Are psychological safety, respect, and belonging being experienced consistently across the organization?
Personal Development: Do individuals have access to mentorship, coaching, reflection, and professional growth opportunities?
Health Services: Are supports accessible, trusted, and responsive to community needs?
Continuous Improvement and Evaluation: Are findings being interpreted, discussed, and acted upon in a structured way?
4. What Improvement Actions Could Be Tested?
The goal is not to solve every issue immediately, but to begin learning through action.
5. How Would You Know If Improvement Is Occurring?
Wellbeing data are often early warning signals rather than definitive explanations. Continuous improvement does not require perfect certainty before action can begin. By combining multiple sources of evidence, exploring patterns thoughtfully, and testing proportionate responses, Faculties of Medicine can learn from the signal rather than becoming stalled by the search for a single cause.
Continuous improvement depends on collective learning. While evaluation specialists and institutional leaders often guide improvement efforts, meaningful change requires participation from everyone who experiences, delivers, or influences learning and work environments.
This section explores how different roles contribute to feedback, learning, decision-making, and ongoing improvement.
Reflect on Your Role
How do I contribute to learning, improvement, and accountability within my environment?
What information or experiences can I share to help identify opportunities for change?
How can I help ensure that feedback leads to meaningful action?
Moving from Data to Action
Continuous improvement is not the responsibility of a single committee or leader. Sustainable change occurs when individuals across the institution contribute to a culture of learning, reflection, and shared accountability.
Senior leaders create the conditions that allow continuous improvement to occur. By establishing priorities, allocating resources, and embedding accountability into governance structures, they help ensure evaluation findings lead to meaningful action.
How This Role Contributes to Supportive Health Services
Visible action builds credibility. People are more likely to engage in evaluation when they see leaders responding to what is learned.
Operational leaders and staff help translate strategy into practice. They coordinate evaluation activities, support implementation efforts, and help teams use information to drive practical improvements.
How This Role Contributes to Supportive Health Services
Focus on making improvements visible. Small changes that are implemented and communicated often build more trust than large plans that remain unseen.
Faculty members contribute practical insight into how policies, systems, learning environments, and workflows affect wellbeing. Their experiences help ensure improvement efforts remain grounded in day-to-day realities.
How This Role Contributes to Supportive Health Services
Continuous improvement does not always require large-scale change. Identifying and addressing small, local barriers can have meaningful impact over time.
Learners and trainees bring valuable lived experience and often identify emerging issues before they become visible through formal reporting processes. Their perspectives help ensure improvement efforts reflect the realities of learning environments.
How This Role Contributes to Supportive Health Services
Your perspective is a form of evidence. Lived experience provides important context that helps organizations understand what data alone cannot explain.
Researchers and scientists contribute methodological expertise, systems thinking, and a commitment to evidence-informed decision-making. They help strengthen evaluation practices and bring attention to the unique realities of research environments.
How This Role Contributes to Supportive Health Services
Research and quality improvement serve different but complementary purposes. Researchers can help ensure improvement efforts are both practical and evidence-informed.
Moving Forward Together
Continuous improvement is most effective when evaluation, quality improvement, and decision-making are connected. Whether gathering feedback, interpreting findings, testing changes, or communicating results, every role contributes to creating an institution that learns from experience and acts on what it learns.
How We Contribute Collectively
Measurement informs improvement, but action creates it.
The tools and resources in this section are designed to support practical evaluation, quality improvement, and organizational learning. Whether you are planning an initiative, selecting measures, interpreting findings, or communicating results, these resources can help translate insight into action.
What you’ll find in this section
Adapt and use what is most relevant to your context.
Continue exploring the toolkit:
Review, Develop, and Strengthen Faculty Health Services
Explore our Tools and Resources
Developed by the Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada’s Culture of Academic Medicine Initiative (CAMI) in collaboration with the Okanagan Charter Collaborative.
Suggested Citation
Do, V. Wellbeing Matters: An Okanagan Charter Implementation Toolkit. Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada (AFMC), Culture of Academic Medicine Initiative – Towards Improved Provider Safety (CAMI-TIPS); 2026. Available from: [URL placeholder]
Help Improve the Toolkit
We welcome your feedback to help improve future versions of the toolkit. Questions, suggestions, and corrections are always appreciated.
Developed by the Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada’s Culture of Academic Medicine Initiative (CAMI) in collaboration with the Okanagan Charter Collaborative.
Suggested Citation
Do, V. Wellbeing Matters: An Okanagan Charter Implementation Toolkit. Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada (AFMC), Culture of Academic Medicine Initiative – Towards Improved Provider Safety (CAMI-TIPS); 2026. Available from: [URL placeholder]
Help Improve the Toolkit
We welcome your feedback to help improve future versions of the toolkit. Questions, suggestions, and corrections are always appreciated.
Wellbeing Matters: An Okanagan Charter Implementation Toolkit ⋅ Version 1.0 ⋅ September 2026